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Amanita australis
''Amanita australis'' is a species of fungus in the Amanitaceae family. It is found only in New Zealand, where it occurs in ''Leptospermum'' and ''Nothofagus'' forest. The species was first described by New Zealand mycologist Greta Stevenson in 1962; in the same publication Stevenson also described what she thought was a unique species, ''Limacella macrospora'', but over 30 years later this was reduced to synonymy with ''A. australis''.
''Amanita australis'' produces small- to medium-sized fruit bodies, with brown caps up to in diameter covered with pyramidal warts. The gills on the underside of the cap are white, closely crowded together, and free from attachment to the stem. The stem, which is up to long and thick, has a ring and a bulbous base. The mushroom may be confused with another endemic New Zealand species, ''A. nothofagi'', but can be distinguished by differences in microscopic characteristics.
==Taxonomy and classification==
''Amanita australis'' was first described by Greta Stevenson in 1962, based on specimens she collected in April 1954 around Lake Rotoiti in Nelson Lakes National Park, in New Zealand. In the same publication, Stevenson described ''Limacella macrospora'', collected in 1952 at Day's Bay near Wellington. Stevenson thought this was a new species different from any previously described ''Limacella'' because of its larger size and amyloid spores.〔 Austrian mycologist Egon Horak later transferred it to the genus ''Oudemansiella'', but did not provide a reason for making the new combination.〔 In 1986, Pegler and Young proposed a classification for ''Oudemansiella'' based largely on spore structure, but they excluded ''O. macrospora'', considering it a species of ''Amanita''.〔 Geoff Ridley examined Stevenson's holotype material and reduced ''L. macrosporus'' to synonymy with ''A. australis'' in 1993, explaining: The size, shape and amyloid reaction of the spores, the dimensions of the basidia, the presence of clamp connections and lamella margin cells indicate that this is ''Amanita australis'' Stevenson and easily fits into the concept of this taxon. ... Macroscopically the specimen lacks the typical pronounced basal bulb to the stipe and volva remnants on the pileus; however, it is not an unknown condition in this taxon.〔
Although Stevenson originally placed the species in ''Amanita'' section ''Phalloideae'' because of a perceived similarity to ''A. citrina'', it is now classified in section ''Validae''; many species in this section have bulbous stem bases.〔 Ridley suggests an appropriate common name would be the "straw flycap",〔 while Rodham Tulloss calls it the "far south Amanita".〔 The specific epithet ''australis'' means "southern".〔 Click on the "Technical" tab.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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